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1   /*
2    * Copyright (c) 2002-2025 Gargoyle Software Inc.
3    *
4    * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5    * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6    * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7    * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
8    *
9    * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13   * limitations under the License.
14   */
15  package org.htmlunit.javascript.host.xml;
16  
17  import java.util.Arrays;
18  import java.util.HashSet;
19  import java.util.Set;
20  
21  import org.htmlunit.SgmlPage;
22  import org.htmlunit.html.*;
23  import org.htmlunit.javascript.HtmlUnitScriptable;
24  import org.htmlunit.javascript.configuration.JsxClass;
25  import org.htmlunit.javascript.configuration.JsxConstructor;
26  import org.htmlunit.javascript.configuration.JsxFunction;
27  import org.htmlunit.javascript.host.Element;
28  import org.htmlunit.javascript.host.dom.Document;
29  import org.htmlunit.javascript.host.dom.DocumentFragment;
30  import org.htmlunit.javascript.host.dom.Node;
31  import org.htmlunit.util.StringUtils;
32  import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
33  
34  /**
35   * A JavaScript object for {@code XMLSerializer}.
36   *
37   * @author Ahmed Ashour
38   * @author Darrell DeBoer
39   * @author Ronald Brill
40   * @author Frank Danek
41   */
42  @JsxClass
43  public class XMLSerializer extends HtmlUnitScriptable {
44  
45      // this is a bit strange but it is the way FF works
46      // output of empty tags are not allowed for these HTML tags
47      private static final Set<String> NON_EMPTY_TAGS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(
48              HtmlAbbreviated.TAG_NAME, HtmlAcronym.TAG_NAME,
49              HtmlAnchor.TAG_NAME, HtmlAddress.TAG_NAME, HtmlAudio.TAG_NAME,
50              HtmlBidirectionalOverride.TAG_NAME, HtmlBig.TAG_NAME,
51              HtmlBlockQuote.TAG_NAME, HtmlBody.TAG_NAME, HtmlBold.TAG_NAME,
52              HtmlButton.TAG_NAME, HtmlCanvas.TAG_NAME, HtmlCaption.TAG_NAME,
53              HtmlCenter.TAG_NAME, HtmlCitation.TAG_NAME, HtmlCode.TAG_NAME,
54              HtmlDefinition.TAG_NAME, HtmlDefinitionDescription.TAG_NAME,
55              HtmlDeletedText.TAG_NAME, HtmlDirectory.TAG_NAME,
56              HtmlDivision.TAG_NAME,
57              HtmlDefinitionList.TAG_NAME,
58              HtmlDefinitionTerm.TAG_NAME, HtmlEmbed.TAG_NAME,
59              HtmlEmphasis.TAG_NAME, HtmlFieldSet.TAG_NAME,
60              HtmlFont.TAG_NAME, HtmlForm.TAG_NAME,
61              HtmlFrame.TAG_NAME, HtmlFrameSet.TAG_NAME, HtmlHeading1.TAG_NAME,
62              HtmlHeading2.TAG_NAME, HtmlHeading3.TAG_NAME,
63              HtmlHeading4.TAG_NAME, HtmlHeading5.TAG_NAME,
64              HtmlHeading6.TAG_NAME, HtmlHead.TAG_NAME,
65              HtmlHtml.TAG_NAME, HtmlInlineFrame.TAG_NAME,
66              HtmlInsertedText.TAG_NAME,
67              HtmlItalic.TAG_NAME, HtmlKeyboard.TAG_NAME, HtmlLabel.TAG_NAME,
68              HtmlLegend.TAG_NAME, HtmlListing.TAG_NAME, HtmlListItem.TAG_NAME,
69              HtmlMap.TAG_NAME, HtmlMarquee.TAG_NAME,
70              HtmlMenu.TAG_NAME,
71              HtmlNoBreak.TAG_NAME, HtmlNoEmbed.TAG_NAME, HtmlNoFrames.TAG_NAME,
72              HtmlNoScript.TAG_NAME, HtmlObject.TAG_NAME, HtmlOrderedList.TAG_NAME,
73              HtmlOptionGroup.TAG_NAME, HtmlOption.TAG_NAME, HtmlParagraph.TAG_NAME,
74              HtmlPlainText.TAG_NAME, HtmlPreformattedText.TAG_NAME,
75              HtmlInlineQuotation.TAG_NAME, HtmlS.TAG_NAME, HtmlSample.TAG_NAME,
76              HtmlScript.TAG_NAME, HtmlSelect.TAG_NAME, HtmlSmall.TAG_NAME,
77              HtmlSource.TAG_NAME, HtmlSpan.TAG_NAME,
78              HtmlStrike.TAG_NAME, HtmlStrong.TAG_NAME, HtmlStyle.TAG_NAME,
79              HtmlSubscript.TAG_NAME, HtmlSuperscript.TAG_NAME, HtmlTitle.TAG_NAME,
80              HtmlTable.TAG_NAME, HtmlTableColumn.TAG_NAME, HtmlTableColumnGroup.TAG_NAME,
81              HtmlTableBody.TAG_NAME, HtmlTableDataCell.TAG_NAME, HtmlTableHeaderCell.TAG_NAME,
82              HtmlTableRow.TAG_NAME, HtmlTextArea.TAG_NAME, HtmlTableFooter.TAG_NAME,
83              HtmlTableHeader.TAG_NAME, HtmlTeletype.TAG_NAME, HtmlUnderlined.TAG_NAME,
84              HtmlUnorderedList.TAG_NAME, HtmlVariable.TAG_NAME, HtmlVideo.TAG_NAME,
85              HtmlWordBreak.TAG_NAME, HtmlExample.TAG_NAME
86      ));
87  
88      /**
89       * JavaScript constructor.
90       */
91      @JsxConstructor
92      public void jsConstructor() {
93          // nothing to do
94      }
95  
96      /**
97       * The subtree rooted by the specified element is serialized to a string.
98       * @param root the root of the subtree to be serialized (this may be any node, even a document)
99       * @return the serialized string
100      */
101     @JsxFunction
102     public String serializeToString(Node root) {
103         if (root == null) {
104             return "";
105         }
106 
107         if (root instanceof DocumentFragment) {
108             Node node = root.getFirstChild();
109             if (node == null) {
110                 return "";
111             }
112 
113             final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
114             while (node != null) {
115                 builder.append(serializeToString(node));
116                 node = node.getNextSibling();
117             }
118             return builder.toString().trim();
119         }
120 
121         if (root instanceof Document) {
122             root = ((Document) root).getDocumentElement();
123         }
124 
125         if (root instanceof Element) {
126             final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
127             final DomNode node = root.getDomNodeOrDie();
128             final SgmlPage page = node.getPage();
129             final boolean isHtmlPage = page != null && page.isHtmlPage();
130 
131             String forcedNamespace = null;
132             if (isHtmlPage) {
133                 forcedNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";
134             }
135             toXml(1, node, builder, forcedNamespace);
136 
137             return builder.toString();
138         }
139 
140         return root.getDomNodeOrDie().asXml();
141     }
142 
143     private void toXml(final int indent,
144             final DomNode node, final StringBuilder builder, final String foredNamespace) {
145         final String nodeName = node.getNodeName();
146         builder.append('<').append(nodeName);
147 
148         String optionalPrefix = "";
149         final String namespaceURI = node.getNamespaceURI();
150         final String prefix = node.getPrefix();
151         if (namespaceURI != null && prefix != null) {
152             boolean sameNamespace = false;
153             for (DomNode parentNode = node.getParentNode(); parentNode instanceof DomElement;
154                     parentNode = parentNode.getParentNode()) {
155                 if (namespaceURI.equals(parentNode.getNamespaceURI())) {
156                     sameNamespace = true;
157                     break;
158                 }
159             }
160             if (node.getParentNode() == null || !sameNamespace) {
161                 ((DomElement) node).setAttribute("xmlns:" + prefix, namespaceURI);
162             }
163         }
164         else if (foredNamespace != null) {
165             builder.append(" xmlns=\"").append(foredNamespace).append('"');
166             optionalPrefix = " ";
167         }
168 
169         final NamedNodeMap attributesMap = node.getAttributes();
170         for (int i = 0; i < attributesMap.getLength(); i++) {
171             final DomAttr attrib = (DomAttr) attributesMap.item(i);
172             builder.append(' ').append(attrib.getQualifiedName())
173                    .append("=\"").append(attrib.getValue()).append('"');
174         }
175         boolean startTagClosed = false;
176         for (final DomNode child : node.getChildren()) {
177             if (!startTagClosed) {
178                 builder.append(optionalPrefix).append('>');
179                 startTagClosed = true;
180             }
181             switch (child.getNodeType()) {
182                 case Node.ELEMENT_NODE:
183                     toXml(indent + 1, child, builder, null);
184                     break;
185 
186                 case Node.TEXT_NODE:
187                     String value = child.getNodeValue();
188                     value = StringUtils.escapeXmlChars(value);
189                     builder.append(value);
190                     break;
191 
192                 case Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE:
193                 case Node.COMMENT_NODE:
194                     builder.append(child.asXml());
195                     break;
196 
197                 default:
198                     break;
199             }
200         }
201         if (!startTagClosed) {
202             final String tagName = StringUtils.toRootLowerCase(nodeName);
203             if (NON_EMPTY_TAGS.contains(tagName)) {
204                 builder.append("></").append(nodeName).append('>');
205             }
206             else {
207                 builder.append(optionalPrefix).append("/>");
208             }
209         }
210         else {
211             builder.append("</").append(nodeName).append('>');
212         }
213     }
214 
215 }